收录解读
这篇 Nature Communications 论文重新组织了脑振荡的基本分类：传统上只按频段看 alpha/beta/gamma 等 oscillations，但作者加入 rhythmicity 维度，区分 sustained rhythm 和 burst-dominated transient dynamics。
方法上，作者用 rhythmicity measure 对 859 名参与者、跨物种、跨记录技术、18–88 岁、不同脑区、认知状态、健康与疾病数据中的 neurophysiological spectra 做分割。
结果给出 rhythmicity-resolved spectral architecture：高 rhythmicity 频带对应持续振荡，适合维持 ongoing activity；低 rhythmicity 频带由短暂 bursts 主导，更像对变化的 transient signaling。
收录价值在于它提供了一个更可计算的神经动态组织原则，可影响 EEG/MEG/iEEG 表征学习、神经解码、brain-inspired state management，以及 AI 系统中 sustained state 与 transient update 的区分。
原始摘要与中文对照
中文对照翻译
了解大脑活动的组织原理可以推动神经技术和医学诊断的发展。传统上，神经活动被视为由不同频段的振荡组成。然而，新出现的证据表明，这些振荡通常表现为瞬时爆发而非持续节律。我们检验了节律性（持续性与爆发性）为大脑组织增加了一个新维度的假设。我们使用一种节律性测量指标，对来自859名参与者的神经生理频谱进行分割，这些参与者涵盖了不同的数据集、物种、记录技术、18-88岁年龄段、性别、大脑区域以及健康和疾病状态下的认知状态。我们的结果揭示了一种普适的节律性解析频谱结构，包含两类：表现出持续振荡的高节律性频段，以及由短暂爆发主导的新型低节律性频段。这种结构反映了两种运行模式：适合维持持续活动的持续频段，以及可以指示对变化做出响应的瞬时频段。这种节律性解析结构提供了一个统一的框架，连接了人类和非人类研究发现，实现了个体化的频谱定义，并为理解大脑活动提供了有原则的基础。
原始摘要
Understanding the organizing principles of brain activity can advance neurotechnology and medical diagnosis. Traditionally, neural activity is viewed as consisting oscillations in distinct frequency bands. However, emerging evidence suggests these oscillations often manifest as transient bursts rather than sustained rhythms. We examine the hypothesis that rhythmicity (sustained vs bursty) adds a further dimension to brain organization. Using a rhythmicity measure, we segment neurophysiological spectra from 859 participants across datasets, species, recording techniques, ages 18–88, sexes, brain regions, and cognitive states in health and disease. Our results reveal a universal rhythmicity-resolved spectral architecture with two categories: high-rhythmicity bands exhibiting sustained oscillations and new low-rhythmicity bands dominated by brief bursts. This architecture reflects two modes of operation: sustained bands suitable for maintaining ongoing activity, and transient bands which can signal responses to change. The rhythmicity-resolved architecture provides a unifying framework that bridges human and non-human findings, enables individualized spectral definitions, and offers a principled basis for understanding brain activity.