收录解读
这篇 Nature 论文把钙钛矿太阳能电池研发从人工试错推进到机器学习材料发现与自动制造平台闭环结合的路线。核心不是单点预测,而是把候选分子发现、器件制备和工艺反馈统一到自主优化系统中。
系统用 active learning 和 quantum modelling 快速筛选高性能钝化分子,并用 Bayesian optimization 与 symbolic regression 持续优化制备流程,形成从材料发现到制造参数更新的自动反馈循环。
实验中系统发现 5ANI 钝化分子,并实现小面积电池与 mini-module 的高效率和长期稳定性,说明该闭环不只是模拟或候选排序,而是连接到真实器件制造。
收录价值在于它是 AI for energy/materials 的端到端工作流样例:AI 改变了材料发现和制造工艺迭代方式,具有自动实验室、能源材料和工业研发闭环的可复用范式价值。
原始摘要与中文对照
中文对照翻译
钙钛矿太阳能电池 (PSCs) 的商业化受到低效的试错方法的瓶颈制约,这些方法在材料发现和器件制备方面都依赖于人类专业知识。在本文中,我们引入了一个自主闭环框架,该框架将机器学习 (ML) 驱动的材料发现与自动化制造平台相结合。该系统利用主动学习和量子建模快速识别高性能分子,而该平台则在反馈循环中采用贝叶斯优化和符号回归来持续优化制备过程。这种集成方法促成了钝化分子5-(氨甲基)烟腈氢碘酸盐 (5ANI) 的发现,该分子使0.05厘米的太阳能电池实现了27.22%的功率转换效率 (PCE)(经认证的最大功率点跟踪 (MPPT) 效率为27.18%),并使21.4厘米的微型组件实现了23.49%的PCE。此外,这些器件表现出长期运行稳定性,在ISOS-L-1I协议下连续运行1,200小时后,仍保持其初始效率的98.7%。至关重要的是,自动化平台实现的效率重现性几乎是手动制备的五倍。这项工作建立了一个自动化闭环系统,将ML驱动的发现与自动化制造产生的高保真数据协同结合,为光伏和材料领域的自主发现和制造树立了基准。
原始摘要
The commercialization of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is bottlenecked by inefficient trial-and-error approaches reliant on human expertise in both materials discovery and device fabrication . Here we introduce an autonomous closed-loop framework that integrates machine learning (ML)-driven materials discovery with an automated manufacturing platform. The system uses active learning and quantum modelling to rapidly identify high-performance molecules and the platform uses Bayesian optimization and symbolic regression in a feedback loop to continuously refine the fabrication process. This integrated approach enabled the discovery of a passivation molecule, 5-(aminomethyl)nicotinonitrile hydroiodide (5ANI), which yielded 0.05-cm solar cells with a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 27.22% (certified maximum power point tracking (MPPT) efficiency of 27.18%) and 21.4-cm mini-modules with a PCE of 23.49%. Moreover, the devices exhibited long-term operational stability, retaining 98.7% of their initial efficiency after 1,200 h of continuous operation under the ISOS-L-1I protocol. Crucially, the automated platform achieved an efficiency reproducibility nearly five times that of manual fabrication. This work establishes an automated closed-loop system that synergizes ML-powered discovery with the high-fidelity data from automated manufacturing, setting a benchmark for autonomous discovery and manufacturing in photovoltaics and materials.